In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.

然而，在登山运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。

Errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features,

错误和不可靠性上升，接踵而来的是一系列湍流的微状，

In fact, it would be an assistance to all carnivores though it would be a two-edged weapon when they fought each other.

因此，任何食肉动物有了毒液，都能从中获益。

Sir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2,400 fathoms in 1839,

在1839年，詹姆斯·克拉克·罗斯爵士曾测得海水深度超过2，400英尺；

and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,

我们所希望的长寿实际上是有限度的。

Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do,

我们通常看到的大多数动物，也会像我们一样衰老的。